Kidney dialysis is a treatment for people with kidney failure that helps filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. There are two types of dialysis: hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Hemodialysis involves using a machine to filter the blood, while peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen to filter the blood[1].
### Hemodialysis Complications
Hemodialysis can cause side effects and complications, including:
- Low blood pressure (hypotension): A drop in blood pressure is a common side effect of hemodialysis. Low blood pressure may be accompanied by shortness of breath, abdominal cramps, muscle cramps, nausea, or vomiting[2][3][4][5].
- Access site complications: Potentially dangerous complications such as infection, narrowing or ballooning of the blood vessel wall (aneurysm), or blockage can impact the quality of your hemodialysis[2].
- Amyloidosis: Dialysis-related amyloidosis develops when proteins in blood are deposited on joints and tendons, causing pain, stiffness, and fluid in the joints[2].
Other complications associated with hemodialysis include cardiac arrhythmias, intradialytic hypotension or hypertension, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome, reactions to the HD membrane, air embolism, bleeding, and seizures[1].
### Peritoneal Dialysis Complications
Peritoneal dialysis can cause side effects and complications, including:
- Infection in the catheter site or abdominal cavity: Peritonitis is a common side effect of peritoneal dialysis and can cause fever, nausea, vomiting, and stomach pain. If you have an infection, you may notice your dialysis solution looks cloudy[6][7].
- Hernia: Peritoneal dialysis can cause a hernia, which is a bulge in the abdomen[7].
- High blood sugar: Dialysate contains a sugar called dextrose, which can raise blood sugar levels in some people[4].
Other complications associated with peritoneal dialysis include weight gain, increased blood sugar levels, high blood pressure, anemia, and bone disease[8].
### Prevention
Preventing complications of dialysis requires careful management on the part of your healthcare team and you as the patient. Knowing the causes and symptoms can ensure that treatment is delivered quickly if a complication occurs, further extending your life, health, and well-being[9].
If you are experiencing any changes to your overall health, such as fever, shortness of breath, itchy skin, or other symptoms, be sure to let your care team know. Additionally, regular exercise and a healthy diet can help improve energy levels and overall health[3].
It is important to keep in mind that although these complications can occur, not everyone will experience them. Your healthcare provider can help you manage and prevent these complications during dialysis treatment[4].
In conclusion, both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis can cause side effects and complications, including low blood pressure, infection, and hernia. Preventing complications of dialysis requires careful management on the part of your healthcare team and you as the patient. Knowing the causes and symptoms can ensure that treatment is delivered quickly if a complication occurs, further extending your life, health, and well-being.
Citations:
[1] https://www.uptodate.com/contents/acute-complications-during-hemodialysis
[2] https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/hemodialysis/about/pac-20384824
[3] https://www.verywellhealth.com/complications-at-hemodialysis-cramps-aches-pains-more-3954362
[4] https://www.healthline.com/health/kidney-health/dialysis-side-effects
[5] https://www.freseniuskidneycare.com/thrive-central/5-common-hemodialysis-complications-prevent
[6] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/dialysis/side-effects/
[7] https://www.davita.com/treatment-services/dialysis/on-dialysis/some-physical-side-effects-of-dialysis-and-how-to-prevent-them
[8] https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1918879-overview
[9] https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/dialysisinfo
By Perplexity at https://www.perplexity.ai/search/08663f9b-876a-4d1d-9cfb-50ebceb405fb
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