Amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) are a group of proteins that are found in the seeds of many cereals, including wheat, barley, rye, maize, millet, and rice. They are also found in some legumes, nuts, and seeds.
ATIs are thought to be involved in the plant's defense against pests and pathogens. They work by inhibiting the enzymes amylase and trypsin, which are involved in the digestion of carbohydrates and proteins. This can slow down the rate of digestion and reduce the amount of nutrients that are absorbed from the food.
There is some evidence that ATIs may also play a role in wheat sensitivity. In people who are sensitive to wheat, ATIs may trigger an immune response that can lead to inflammation in the gut. This can cause symptoms such as bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
In addition to gut symptoms, ATIs may also worsen chronic diseases such as celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. This is because ATIs can increase the production of inflammatory molecules in the gut.
If you think you may be sensitive to ATIs, there are a few things you can do to find out. One way is to do an elimination diet, where you remove all foods that contain ATIs from your diet for a period of time. If your symptoms improve when you do this, then it is likely that you are sensitive to ATIs.
Another way to test for ATI sensitivity is to have a blood test. There are a few different blood tests that can be used to measure ATI levels. However, these tests are not always accurate, so it is important to talk to your doctor about the best way to test for ATI sensitivity.
If you are sensitive to ATIs, there are a few things you can do to manage your symptoms. One way is to avoid foods that contain ATIs. This may be difficult, as ATIs are found in many common foods. However, there are a number of gluten-free and ATI-free products available on the market.
Another way to manage ATI sensitivity is to take digestive enzymes. Digestive enzymes can help to break down the carbohydrates and proteins in food, which can reduce the amount of ATIs that are absorbed from the gut.
There are some potential disadvantages to following an ATI-reduced diet. One concern is that it may be difficult to get enough nutrients from ATI-free foods. Another concern is that it may be expensive to buy ATI-free products.
If you are considering following an ATI-reduced diet, it is important to talk to your doctor first. Your doctor can help you to make sure that you are getting enough nutrients and that you are not putting yourself at risk for any nutrient deficiencies.
Here is a table that summarizes the information I have just presented:
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