What is the Reconquista ?

 The Reconquista refers to a period spanning roughly from the 8th to the 15th century during which Christian kingdoms in the Iberian Peninsula—comprising modern-day Spain and Portugal—fought to reconquer territory that had been taken by Muslim Moors. The Moors from North Africa had conquered much of the peninsula in the early 8th century, establishing Muslim rule in large areas that they would hold for centuries.

This long historical process involved a series of wars and skirmishes, interspersed with periods of peace and cultural exchange, between the Muslim states (various caliphates and emirates) and the emerging Christian kingdoms (such as Castile, Aragon, and Portugal). Over time, the Christian forces gradually regained control over the territory, advancing southwards as they established their rule.

The Reconquista culminated in 1492 with the fall of Granada, the last Muslim stronghold on the Iberian Peninsula, to the Catholic Monarchs, Queen Isabella I of Castile and King Ferdinand II of Aragon. This event marked the end of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula and was followed by efforts to Christianize the region, including the forced conversion or expulsion of Jews and Muslims.

The term "Reconquista" itself is derived from the Spanish and Portuguese word for "reconquest" and has both historical and ideological connotations. It implies a restoration of Christian rule over lands perceived to have been "lost" to Muslims, although this characterization has been a subject of debate among historians.