Tag: Diseases

Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia that occurs when your body doesn’t have enough iron. Anemia is a condition in which your blood has a lower than normal number of red blood cells, and iron is necessary to make hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout your body.

Causes of Iron Deficiency Anemia

The most common cause of iron deficiency anemia is a lack of iron in your diet. Other causes can include blood loss (through menstruation, injury or gastrointestinal bleeding), an inability to absorb iron, and pregnancy.

Symptoms of Iron Deficiency Anemia

The symptoms of iron deficiency anemia can vary from mild to severe. Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, headache, and cold hands and feet.

Diagnosis

Your doctor can diagnose iron deficiency anemia through a blood test that measures your levels of hemoglobin and iron. They may also order additional tests to determine the underlying cause of your anemia.

Therapy

If you have iron deficiency anemia, your doctor may recommend increasing your iron intake through diet or supplements. Foods that are high in iron include red meat, poultry, seafood, beans, spinach, and fortified cereals. In more severe cases, iron may be administered intravenously or through injections. Treating the underlying cause of your anemia, such as stopping blood loss or treating an underlying medical condition, may also be necessary.

Excessive consumption of salt also revealed to cause mental illness

Although many researches have proved in the past that excessive consumption of salt can also cause many major diseases and some life-threatening diseases, but now a research has shown that its excessive use can also cause mental illnesses.

According to research published in the research journal ‘British Pharmacological Society’, a new study conducted by Japanese experts has shown that excessive consumption of salt can not only cause high blood pressure but also mental illnesses.

Experts studied mice to test the negative effects of excessive salt consumption on the brain and human nerves, and the mice were given more salt water and food for 12 weeks.

Later, the experts reviewed the nerve, physical and mental condition of all the mice and tried to find out which chemicals or proteins increase by using more salt, which cause diseases and problems.

Experts found that consuming more salt increases the amount of ‘tau’, a protein that controls emotions and memory, which can increase the chances of ‘dementia’ or ‘Alzheimer’s’.

In addition, experts noted that excessive salt consumption also significantly reduces the calcium protein called CaMKII enzyme in the brain of mice, this protein works to send signals between waves in the brain or the nerves present there.

Similarly, experts noted that excessive salt consumption caused changes in a protein called PSD95 in the brain of mice and this protein acts as a link between cells in the brain.

Similarly, experts also examined the effects of excessive salt consumption on the nerves of mice.

Experts noted that consuming more salt is also causing changes in the two main hormones of the rat nervous system (angiotensin II) and (prostaglandin e2) and their partial hormones that are causing high blood pressure.

These two hormones and their partial hormones work to improve and standardize blood flow in human veins and transport it to other parts of the body, including the heart and brain, while one of these hormones also helps to stop blood in case of injury or bleeding.

Experts said that due to excessive salt consumption, significant changes were seen in many proteins and hormones of the nervous and brain system of the mice, which can cause high blood pressure and brain diseases.

According to experts, using more salt increases the chances of not only high blood pressure but also brain dysfunction or diseases like dementia and Alzheimer’s.

Experts say that generally every person should eat a maximum of 4 grams of salt daily, but in today’s era, due to barbecue and fast foods, the daily consumption of salt in humans has reached 15 to 20 grams, which is five times more than the required amount.

Deadly tapeworm infection can be contracted by consuming unwashed berries, fruits and uncooked meat

The hydatid tapeworm is the primary cause of the extremely dangerous and difficult-to-detect disease echinococcosis. Echinococcosis can be contracted by consuming unwashed berries and fruits. Most cases result in death if they are not properly treated.

The dangerous Echinococcus tapeworms E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, particularly E. oligarthrus and E. vogeli, are the primary cause of echinococcosis, a zoonotic parasitic disease.

The feces of both domestic and wild animals with this small (about 2 mm) but incredibly dangerous tapeworm infection contain its eggs (foxes, wolves or dogs and cats). They find themselves in the brush with him. You shouldn’t eat berries straight from the bush because animal feces are undetectable and odorless. Although we might believe they are clean, they could actually contain the eggs of a dangerous tapeworm.

How can you become infected with echinococcosis?

Swallowing echinococcosis eggs results in infection. The feces of the specific hosts are the source of this infection. Most frequently, humans become infected by eating unwashed forest fruits or coming into direct contact with dog hair.

People who have direct contact with foxes or their dens, such as hunters, foresters, brushwood gatherers, farmers, and leather tanners, as well as anyone who collects forest fruits like blueberries, blackberries, or mushrooms, are considered to be in the high-risk category.

What is the target of echinococcosis?

The hydatid is an extremely aggressive parasite. Its larvae, after getting into the body, select the most important parts of the human body:

  • liver (in over 90% of cases),
  • lungs _
  • brain ,

and they nest there. A cyst forms around the larvae, which enlarges and compresses the adjacent tissues. Multilocular echinococcosis does not have to give symptoms for about 10-15 years .

A cyst rupture can even cost you your life . Strong vomiting (in the form of a watery liquid) and a sharp cough appear then .

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of echinococcosis depend on which organ the larvae are in. Echinococcosis starts in the liver in more than 90% of cases.

If the tapeworm settles in the liver, there are:

  • pain in the right hypochondrium , caused by the compression of the enlarging cyst (it sometimes reaches 20 cm in diameter)
  • jaundice

Echinococcosis is a condition characterized by the presence of a cyst (cyst) containing larvae, which can be detected during an abdominal ultrasound, MRI, CT scan, or plain X-ray. It can also develop in other organs, such as the lungs, kidneys, and brain, and can cause chest pain, cough, hemoptysis, and shortness of breath.

Lungs

If the larvae are localized in the lungs, they appear:

  • hemoptysis
  • cough
  • dyspnoea
  • pain in the chest
  • skin itching

Brain

If the larvae are in the brain, they appear:

  • headaches
  • mental disorders resulting from brain damage (psycho-organic syndrome)

Kidneys

  • recurrent kidney pain
  • hematuria
  • kidney dysfunction

How to recognize echinococcosis?

People in the risk group should get preventive imaging exams. Once a year, they should get an ultrasound of their abdomen, which can find cysts on the liver, which is the organ most often affected by echinococcosis. Tell your doctor about any symptoms that worry you. When a cyst with hydatid larvae bursts, the parasites can spread to other parts of the body. They can then spread to other organs and even cause a dangerous condition called anaphylactic shock.

Treatment and diagnosis for echinococcosis

Multilocular echinococcosis is a dangerous and difficult-to-detect disease that can end in death. It is often mistaken for cancer, but radiological examination reveals the culprit, the echinococcosis tapeworm. Cysts are removed surgically, and antiparasitic chemotherapy is used to prevent recurrence. Follow-up examinations are recommended for the next 10 years.

How to prevent infection with echinococcosis?

  • Deworm dogs and cats regularly.
  • Persons in direct contact with definitive hosts or their faeces should wear protective gloves.
  • Wash your hands thoroughly after returning from mushroom picking or forest hiking.
  • Forest fruits should be washed under running, warm water before eating.
  • Always wash fruits and vegetables before eating.

U.S. states mobilize to legalize women’s lower torso inspections

Like many countries in the world, governments in U.S. states have also mobilized to legalize medical examination of women’s lower body parts and it is likely to be legalized in more states soon.

The women’s lower body test is called the pelvic exam and is partially legal in 20 out of 50 u.S. states.

However, now that diseases or medical complications have increased among women, the state governments want the students there to excel in this field as well.

Usually pelvic examination or lower body of women are examined by obstetric doctors, but they also do a limited number of examinations, because the process is seen as embarrassing and the consent of patients is not taken before doing such a test.

But now several U.S. states are legalizing pelvic exams and allowing every woman to sign a consent to such an examination when going to the hospital so that medical students and doctors can perform such examinations without any hassle.

According to the Associated Press (AP), the governor of Montana state signed a law in April on the examination of women’s lower body, after which more states are now engaged in making such laws.

Other states, including Missouri, Ohio and Colorado, are expected to pass similar laws soon.

According to the rules, all women coming to the hospital will be examined during pelvic examination if needed and they will be informed in writing before the said test and their signature will be taken for their consent.

The above process will be exactly the same as now at the time of admission to the hospital, the patient or his heirs write to the hospital in writing that they know the complications of their patient and they will not obstruct the treatment, the hospital staff is allowed to do all kinds of treatment.

Once these laws are passed, not only doctors but also medical students will be able to examine the lower part of women’s body for learning.

The lower part of the body will be examined from women’s vagina, ovaries or uterus to intestines, but if needed, doctors or students will also be able to expand the scope of the test.

At present, there is no law for the above test in many states of the United States, so doctors there examine patients briefly in an unconscious state without informing them, in which they also face fear and fear that action can be taken against them if the patient or his heirs know.

Apart from the United States, such tests do not have legal status in other countries, while in Islamic countries like Pakistan, such tests are considered valid.

Not only In Pakistan, but other countries in the region, including India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, China and Sri Lanka, such inspections are considered to be necessary.

What helps with premenstrual syndrome?

The days before a woman’s period are frequently extremely stressful. Premenstrual syndrome follows (PMS). What actions can reduce the symptoms?

In the second half of their cycle, particularly the week leading up to their period, many women experience changes in their physical and psychological well-being. When symptoms are severe, a person’s ability to function is obviously compromised. The symptoms appear during the first few days of the period and then vanish, suggesting premenstrual syndrome (PMS).

Each symptom is very unique, and they don’t always manifest in the same way throughout a cycle. Among the symptoms experienced by those who are affected are indigestion, water retention, sleep disorders, and muscle or headache pain. Additionally, mood swings from irritability to depression happen.

The cause of PMS is not fully understood. Apparently, the hormonal fluctuations during the female cycle play a role. Other connections are discussed.

Correctly interpreting complaints with PMS

Doctors recommend doing a thorough body examination and keeping a symptom and cycle diary. There are now numerous apps that enable fast, digital documentation, and the evaluation shows which symptoms are associated with the menstrual cycle. Data protection is particularly important, and tips on this can be found in the article “Data protection is feasible: Tips for using smartwatches and health apps safely”.

What options are there for PMS treatment?

PMS is frequently treated with dietary supplements and herbal preparations. However, their impact is frequently not sufficiently supported by science. Therefore, before using it, women should consult their doctor. 

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) can cause physical and emotional symptoms that can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications. Lifestyle changes include reducing salt and caffeine intake, exercising regularly, getting enough rest, and practicing stress-reducing exercises. Medications include antidepressants, NSAIDs, and diuretics. Natural remedies include herbal teas and homeopathic remedies. It is important to speak with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment or medication.

The pill can stop menstrual cramps

Hormones can be used to stop symptoms, such as mood swings, sexual reluctance, and an increased risk of thrombosis. Preparations with a proportion of estrogen and progestin are particularly suitable. Hormone rings and patches have the same effect, but the hormone spiral is usually not suitable. It is important to weigh up whether a hormone preparation is the drug of choice with the gynecologist, as these drugs can lead to mood swings, sexual reluctance, and an increased risk of thrombosis.

Psychological complaints in the foreground

Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is the most severe form of PMS and affects up to 8% of women. It is caused by extreme irritability and depression before menses, and can be treated with the contraceptive pill and antidepressants from the serotonin reuptake inhibitors group. Psychotherapy can also help to accept the predisposition and manage it well in everyday life.

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