Dysphagia, commonly referred to as a swallowing disorder, is an ailment characterized by the inability to swallow with ease[1]. This condition can be symptomatic of various afflictions such as neurological disorders, muscular impairments or scarring from acid reflux[1][2]. The effects of dysphagia are felt during the oral and/or pharyngeal stages of swallowing whereby patients may experience coughing or choking whilst attempting to ingest liquids, food or even saliva[1].
The act of swallowing is a multifaceted process that necessitates the concerted effort of numerous muscles[3]. It is imperative to be able to safely swallow in order to ensure sufficient nourishment and hydration, as well as to prevent the ingress of foodstuffs and liquids into one’s lungs, which can result in pneumonia[3].
Dysphagia can result in both physical and social consequences, including avoidance of communal meals[4]. Prolonged dysphagic conditions may also trigger an array of afflictions such as emaciation, desiccation, and recurrent respiratory infections[2].
If an individual suspects dysphagia, there may be accompanying indications in addition to the impediment of swallowing. Such signs include excessive salivation, a raspy vocal tone, a sensation of blockage in the throat area, regurgitation, unanticipated weight loss, acid reflux symptoms, coughing or gagging while swallowing foodstuffs, discomfort when ingesting sustenance items, hindrance with chewing solid foods efficiently and effectively , frequent occurrences of pneumonia and expulsion of food through nasal passages[5].
In order to diagnose a dysphagia disorder, a physician will conduct an array of tests to ensure optimal treatment. The initial step towards diagnosis involves scrutinizing the patient’s medical history and carrying out a physical examination[6]. To assess the risk of aspiration, which may result in lung infection or pneumonia[1], a speech-language pathologist often evaluates the patient’s swallowing competence.
The management of dysphagia is contingent upon the underlying etiology and gravity of the ailment. A speech-language pathologist may suggest modifying one’s diet, engaging in oropharyngeal swallowing exercises to reinforce musculature, adopting alternative methods for swallowing, or adjusting posture during meals[5]. In severe instances, enteral nutrition via a feeding tube may be necessary[4].
To conclude, dysphagia is a grave concern that has the potential to compromise one’s health and well-being. It is imperative to seek prompt medical intervention if any difficulty in swallowing or related symptoms are experienced.
Citations:
[1] https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/21195-dysphagia-difficulty-swallowing
[2] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/swallowing-problems-dysphagia/
[3] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/swallowing-disorders
[4] https://www.asha.org/public/speech/swallowing/swallowing-disorders-in-adults/
[5] https://www.healthline.com/health/difficulty-in-swallowing
[6] https://www.gastroconsa.com/patient-education/swallowing-disorders/